Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common, chronic condition, which typically causes patches of itchy, scaly and sometimes inflamed skin.  Although they can appear anywhere, these patches (plaques) are most likely to present on your elbows, feet, hands and knees.  

In about 50% of cases, fingernails and toenails are affected and about 25% of people will have pain, swelling and tenderness of their joints.  Psoriasis can develop at any age, but usually starts in young adults in their early thirties.  Psoriasis affects males and females equally and around 30% of patients have a family history of the condition.

The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, but recent investigative studies show that the real cause is a problem with the immune system.  Psoriasis may also be triggered for the first time by infection such as Streptococcal tonsillitis, HIV and viral infections and, as well, by severe emotional stress. Excessive alcohol and smoking may also worsen the condition. Certain medications may also trigger psoriasis or cause psoriasis to become aggravated.  These medications include anti-malarial medications, beta-blockers, lithium and rapid withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids.

Most types of psoriasis are cyclical, occurring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time, or even going into complete remission. Psoriasis is usually diagnosed from the medical history and from clinical examination. Psoriasis signs and symptoms can vary from person to person, but may include one or more of the following:

• Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales
• Small, scaling spots
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Swollen and stiff joints
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails